Dogs can suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a severe anxiety disorder that results from experiencing a traumatic event. This can include war, death, accidents, natural disasters, abuse, or abandonment. PTSD in dogs is characterised by symptoms such as chronic anxiety, hypervigilance, avoidance of certain people or places, sleep disturbances, fear of being alone, decreased interest in favourite activities, and aggression. Treatment for canine PTSD typically involves a combination of behavioural therapy and medication, such as anti-anxiety medication and desensitisation therapy.
Can a Dog Have Trauma?
Characteristics | Values |
---|---|
Can dogs have trauma? | Yes |
What is it called? | Canine Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD) |
What are the symptoms? | Fear urination, aggression, shaking, shying away from people, unwarranted stress reaction, tail down or between legs, chronic anxiety, panic, fear of being alone, pacing, restlessness, barking for no reason, hiding, becoming highly vigilant, trembling, depression, hyper-vigilance, clinging to their owners |
What are the causes? | Military or police work, being a bait or fighting dog, being raised in a puppy mill, severe abuse, living as a stray, trauma from disasters, being attacked by other animals, accidents, emotional trauma, loss of family or caretaker, physical abuse, abandonment in the wilderness, fireworks, changes in weather, bad interactions with people or animals |
How is it treated? | Behavioural therapy, medication (anti-anxiety medication, anti-depressants, beta-blockers), desensitisation, counter-conditioning, daily exercise, play sessions, positive reinforcement training, natural calming remedies |
What You'll Learn
Dogs can develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Dogs can experience trauma and develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a condition previously associated with humans. PTSD in dogs was first identified in canines returning from war, and it is now recognised that dogs can suffer from psychological conditions like their human counterparts.
Causes of PTSD in Dogs
PTSD in dogs is caused by traumatic experiences during their lifetime. The more stressful an experience, the more likely a dog is to develop PTSD. Dogs can become fearful as a result of high-stress situations, and this fear can transform into aggressive behaviour. Causes of PTSD in dogs include:
- Military or police work
- Being a bait or fighting dog
- Being raised in a puppy mill
- Severe abuse
- Living as a stray after being abandoned
- Trauma from a natural disaster (flood, fire, earthquake, tornado, explosion)
- Being attacked by other dogs or animals
- Accidents, such as car crashes
- Emotional trauma
- Physical and emotional abuse
- The loss of their family or caretaker through death or abandonment
Symptoms of PTSD in Dogs
The symptoms of PTSD in dogs are similar to those in humans and can include:
- Chronic anxiety
- Hypervigilance
- Avoidance of certain people, places, or situations
- Sleep disturbances
- Fear of being alone
- Decreased interest in a favourite activity
- Aggression
- Panic
- Panting
- Fearfulness
- Being timid and clinging to their owners
- Depression
- Unpredictable or unusual reactions to stress-generating factors
- Trembling or shaking
- Becoming shy around people and trying to avoid human contact
- Reluctance to eliminate
- Pacing, restlessness or not sleeping
- Hesitation when visiting certain places, even familiar ones
- Barking often and for no obvious reason
- Fear urination when greeted by a stranger
- Hiding at the smallest sign of disturbance
- Becoming highly vigilant and constantly watching their surroundings
Treatment for PTSD in Dogs
Treatment for dogs with PTSD typically involves a combination of behavioural therapy and medication. Behavioural management might include desensitisation therapy, where a dog is exposed to low levels of stress, and this level is gradually increased to build tolerance. Playtime with a well-socialised dog, increased exercise, and mental stimulation are also recommended. Medication can include anxiolytics, anti-depressants, or beta-blockers, and in extreme cases, anti-anxiety medication.
It is important to note that time and patience are vital to the management of canine PTSD. Owners will need to actively work with their dog on a daily basis and be in regular communication with their veterinary team.
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Symptoms of PTSD in dogs
Dogs can indeed suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. The condition has only been recognised in dogs within the past decade, so there is still much to learn about it. However, it is known that the symptoms of PTSD in dogs are similar to those in humans.
Dogs are unable to explain their thoughts and experiences, so we have to look to their behaviour to understand what they are going through. Behaviours that can indicate PTSD include:
- Avoiding familiar areas
- Fear urination during greetings
- Out-of-proportion aggressive behaviours
- Shaking or trembling
- Shying away from people
- Unwarranted stress reactions
Dogs suffering from PTSD may also exhibit the following:
- Tail down or between legs
- Panic
- Panting
- Fearfulness
- Clinging to their owners
- Depression
- Hyper-vigilance (especially in working dogs and guard breeds)
In addition, a dog with PTSD may become less trusting of new people, preferring to hide instead of seeking human company. They may also be constantly vigilant, watching what is happening around them.
Other signs of PTSD in dogs include:
- Chronic anxiety, panic, separation anxiety and fear of being alone
- Reluctance to eliminate
- Pacing, restlessness or not sleeping
- Hesitation when visiting certain places, even familiar ones
- Barking often and for no obvious reason
- Hiding at the smallest sign of disturbance
- Trembling or shaking, even if it isn't cold
- Becoming shy around people and trying to avoid human contact
- Aggression
- Unpredictable or unusual reactions to stress-generating factors
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Causes of PTSD in dogs
Canine post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) is a recognised condition in dogs, with symptoms similar to those of human PTSD. It is estimated that 5-17% of dogs are affected by C-PTSD, with the condition first being identified in dogs returning from war zones.
Dogs can develop C-PTSD from a range of traumatic experiences, including:
Abuse
Severe or chronic physical or emotional abuse, such as being a bait dog or a fighting dog, can cause C-PTSD in canines.
Accidents
Accidents, such as car accidents or hunting accidents, can trigger PTSD in dogs.
Attacks
Attacks by other animals can be a traumatic experience that leads to the development of C-PTSD.
Natural disasters
Natural disasters, such as floods, fires, earthquakes, tornadoes, and explosions, can leave dogs stranded and separated from their human families, causing trauma.
Military or police careers
Dogs serving in the military or police, particularly those sniffing out bombs or tracking criminals, may develop C-PTSD due to exposure to war zones, explosions, and other traumatic events.
Being abandoned or raised in a puppy mill
Dogs that have been abandoned and left to live as strays, or those raised in puppy mills, may be at risk of developing C-PTSD due to the stress and trauma of these experiences.
Loss of their caretaker
The loss of a primary caretaker can be a traumatic experience for dogs and may contribute to the development of C-PTSD.
Bad interactions with other animals
Negative experiences with other animals, such as dog fighting, can also be a cause of C-PTSD in canines.
While these are some of the most common causes of C-PTSD in dogs, it is important to note that not all dogs who experience these events will develop the disorder. The development of C-PTSD is complex and can depend on a variety of factors, including the individual dog's genetics and upbringing.
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Treatment for dogs with PTSD
It is important to note that dogs can suffer from psychological conditions like their human counterparts. Therefore, if your dog is suffering from PTSD, it is best to seek help from a veterinary behavioural therapist who will develop an appropriate treatment plan. If this is not possible, your primary veterinarian will still be able to help your dog get the care they need.
The treatment for dogs with PTSD usually involves a combination of behavioural and medical treatments. The most commonly prescribed medication for dogs exhibiting behaviour consistent with PTSD is Alprazolam (Xanax). Other sedative drugs that may be considered include Diazepam (Valium), Sertraline (Zoloft), or Fluoxetine (Prozac). Behavioural treatments include:
- Keeping a stricter routine so the dog knows what to expect.
- Exercise and play therapy.
- Dog pheromone collars and infusers.
- Desensitisation therapy, in which a dog is exposed to low levels of stress, and then this level is gradually increased to build tolerance for that stimulus.
- Playtime with a well-socialised dog.
- Increased exercise.
- Mental stimulation.
Additionally, it is important to be calm and patient with your dog. Remember to adopt a calm state of mind and behaviour in its presence. You need to inspire confidence and reassure it at all times. Use your body language and state of mind to let it know that nothing bad will happen.
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Living with a dog that has PTSD
Living with a dog that has post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be challenging but rewarding. It requires a lot of patience, understanding, and dedication from owners, who play a crucial role in their dog's recovery. Here are some detailed guidelines on how to live and care for a dog with PTSD:
Understanding Canine PTSD
Firstly, it's important to understand that dogs, like humans, can suffer from PTSD. This condition arises from experiencing or witnessing traumatic events, such as natural disasters, accidents, abuse, or combat situations. The symptoms of canine PTSD are similar to those in humans and can include chronic anxiety, hypervigilance, avoidance of certain people or places, sleep disturbances, fear of being alone, decreased interest in activities, and aggression. It's important to recognize these signs and seek professional help if you suspect your dog is suffering.
Creating a Safe Environment
Creating a safe and calm environment is essential for a dog with PTSD. This involves understanding and avoiding your dog's triggers as much as possible. Major stressors, such as loud noises, crowded places, or specific situations, should be minimized to prevent re-traumatization. Creating a dedicated safe space for your dog within your home is also recommended. This could be an area with a comfortable bed or blanket in a cozy and protected location. Ensure your dog feels secure and is not disturbed while in their safe space.
Establishing a Routine
Establishing a daily routine is beneficial for dogs with PTSD. A consistent routine helps dogs know what to expect, reducing surprises and potential triggers. Include daily walks, mealtimes, playtime, and other activities at the same time each day. This predictability can keep your dog calm and reduce their fear and anxiety.
Behavioral and Medical Treatments
The treatment for canine PTSD often involves a combination of behavioral therapy and medication. Behavioral management techniques include desensitization therapy, where dogs are gradually exposed to low levels of stress, and counter-conditioning, which changes the association of a stimulus from negative to positive. Playtime with well-socialized dogs, increased exercise, and mental stimulation are also recommended. In terms of medication, veterinarians may prescribe anti-anxiety drugs, such as Xanax, or antidepressants, like Prozac, to help manage your dog's symptoms.
Patience and Positivity
Patience is crucial when living with a dog that has PTSD. Recovery can be a slow process, and setbacks may occur. It's important to remain calm, patient, and positive throughout your dog's journey. Avoid getting angry or frustrated with your dog, and try to adopt a cheerful attitude. Inspire confidence and reassure your dog through your body language and state of mind.
Natural Remedies and Diet
In addition to traditional treatments, natural calming remedies can be explored. CBD oil, homeopathic remedies, flower essences, and essential oils have been known to help soothe anxious dogs. Additionally, consider your dog's diet, as certain foods can have a calming effect. Include fish, garlic, nuts, seeds, bananas, leafy greens, broccoli, and green beans in their meals to provide essential nutrients that support brain health.
Living with and caring for a dog with PTSD requires dedication and a good understanding of their specific needs. By providing a safe environment, establishing routines, seeking appropriate treatments, and offering patience and positivity, you can help your dog heal and form a strong, unbreakable bond.
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Frequently asked questions
PTSD stands for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, a severe anxiety disorder that occurs after experiencing a traumatic event.
Yes, dogs can get PTSD. It is a recognised condition in dogs and is usually caused by traumatic events such as abuse, accidents, attacks, natural disasters, or serving in the military or police.
Symptoms of PTSD in dogs include chronic anxiety, hypervigilance, avoidance of certain people or places, sleep disturbances, fear of being alone, decreased interest in favourite activities, aggression, and changes in temperament.
Treatment for dog PTSD typically involves a combination of behavioural therapy and medication. Behavioural management techniques include desensitisation therapy, playtime with other dogs, increased exercise, and mental stimulation. Medication can include anti-anxiety medication, anti-depressants, or beta-blockers.
It is estimated that around 5-17% of dogs are affected by PTSD. However, the true prevalence may be higher as the condition has only been recognised in dogs in recent years.